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Ultra-fine x-rays to boost brain cancer survival rates

Elizabeth Gracie
Scientists from the University of Wollongong’s Centre for Medical Radiation Physics have developed a world-first microbeam radiation therapy technique that will allow doctors to target brain cancer cells with extreme precision. 

According to the University of Wollongong, the breakthrough study is the first long term Australian microbeam traditional therapy (MRT) brain cancer survival study, and the first in the world to specifically look at possible optimisation of personalised pre-clinical MRT of high-grade brain cancer. 

MRT uses ultra-fine X-Rays, smaller than a single human hair, to destroy cancerous cells in the brain tissue, without harming the surrounding healthy tissue where cancerous cells have not yet spread. 

The ultra-fine X rays will increase the chances of survival for cancer patients with hard to treat brain tumours. 

The precision that the MRT technique allows enables higher dosages to be delivered to the tumour in a very small time frame. 

University of Wollongong (UOW) PhD study Elette Engels lead the research effort alongside a team from the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), the Australian Synchrotron Australia’s Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), the Central Coast Cancer Centre and the Prince of Wales Hospital in Sydney. 

According to Engels, cancers of the brain are amongst the most difficult to fully treat.

“Brain cancers require more rigorous and novel treatment strategies to overcome their radiation resistance”.

“This new MRT technique treats tumours with very narrow wafer-like X-ray blades to deliver very high doses of synchrotron radiation delivered in a very short time.

“This is not feasible with conventional radiotherapy X-ray machines in hospitals. Our research shows that the treatment of tumour cells is much more effective when the radiation dose is delivered using MRT.”

Engels hopes that her work will eventually optimise the MRT technique to personalise the entire procedure for each individual cancer patient from beginning to end. 

Dr Moeava Tehei, Head of Targeted Nano-Therapies at UOW also contributed to the research effort and said that a breakthrough in the way doctors treat brain cancer is well overdue. 

According to Tehei, “Many brain cancer survivors suffer from cognitive and somatic side effects of the treatment, with increased risks in children”. 

“Sparing normal tissue from damage is key to improved quality of life for brain cancer survivors”. 

He says that the personalised synchrotron MRT technique is key to quicker and more effective treatment of brain cancers. 

“A single dose of this personalised synchrotron MRT treatment could be more effective than multiple radiation treatments as they are delivered now. Waiting times and toxic dosages could be eliminated if this technology was available in hospitals” said Engels. 

More research needs to occur before human trials commence however current trials have suggested that the technique will be transferable and viable for human patients. 

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