Nowhere is the accelerating growth of the world’s cities – in both population and land terms – more visible than in Australia.
Close to 90 per cent of Australians live in the cities, and the two biggest, Sydney and Melbourne, sprawl separately over an area about 10 times the size of New York City.
Despite government attempts to incentivise the growth of smaller regional centres, Australia’s biggest urban centres continue to grow strongly – even as state and local governments struggle to provide the necessary housing and infrastructure.
In many respects, we are sleepwalking towards a nation of megacities.
This trend is being accentuated by the lack a consistent reference point for the long-term national distribution of potential population growth.
As well as being “spatially blind” to the impacts of its infrastructure investment and taxation settings on the liveability of cities and the success of regions, the Commonwealth has been historically reluctant to exert strong national leadership on urban land use planning and cities policies.
In this policy and leadership vacuum, the Planning Institute of Australia (PIA) has sought to advance the understanding and importance of national planning and how this is vital to the efficient functioning of cities and the country’s future prosperity and wellbeing.
To generate an informed national debate about the importance of long-term integrated planning in dealing effectively with emerging or future trends – PIA has embarked on several advocacy and policy initiatives.
In 2016, it published Through the Lens: megatrends shaping our future – a report examining globalisation (including the scope and direction of technological change and the future of work), demographic changes occurring in Australia, and the likelihood of climate change and resource scarcity.
When a federal parliamentary committee initiated an inquiry into the Australian Government’s role in the development of cities in June 2017, PIA made a submission calling on the Commonwealth to show greater leadership on the future growth of cities, towns and regions and to develop “a sustainable and integrated national settlement strategy that helps coordinate urban development activities at all levels of government while also placing existing sectoral policies within a spatial and sustainability context”.
In 2018, PIA responded to community concerns that Australia’s growth and development is being mismanaged – or at the very least planned without due regard to long-term goals or aspirations – by publishing Through the Lens: The tipping point.
This made clear that living conditions in Australia’s cities and regions are worsening, with key indicators of this being rising incidents of congestion, more expensive housing, and poor access to work and to community facilities.
“Spatially blind” Commonwealth policies and a lack of integrated strategic planning frameworks at the state or city level were cited as significant contributing factors.
The report’s chief purpose, however, is to outline in detail what a National Settlement Strategy would comprise and how it would be negotiated and delivered.
In a major boost for PIA’s advocacy, the afore-mentioned federal parliamentary committee’s report on the development of Australian cities published in September 2018 unanimously recommended the federal government develop a “national plan of settlement” setting out “a vision for our cities and regions for the next 50 years and beyond”.
A National Settlement Strategy (NSS) would not be about forcing people to settle anywhere, nor changing constitutional responsibilities for planning. It would be about ensuring investment decisions are more responsive to where housing and job growth could occur – and it would provide a mandate to plan for better connected and more liveable cities and towns.
To build momentum for a National Settlement Strategy, PIA has been briefing federal and state legislators and policy makers and forging alliances with other organisations in the Built Environment sector.
The Institute is also emphasising the importance of starting a national conversation to shape the strategy’s growth and evolution – the better to convince legislators that they have the community’s imprimatur to act.
Australian communities are looking for leadership to shape a future that sustains the creative dynamism and lifestyles of our cities while building on the diverse strengths of our regions.
But to give effect to this sentiment, we need a coherent national vision that restores a “line of sight” between the planning of places and the broader growth outcomes sought be each tier of government.
A National Settlement Strategy would provide a lens for seeing population growth and change as an influence in achieving outcomes rather than as a separate debate – a development that ordinary Australians have long sought.